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1.
Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation ; (6): 288-293, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982230

ABSTRACT

Blood compatibility is the main restriction of blood-contacting medical devices in clinical application, especially long-term blood-contacting medical devices will stimulate the immune defense mechanism of the host, resulting in thrombosis. Heparin anticoagulant coating links heparin molecules to the surface of medical device product materials, improves the compatibility between the material surface interface and the body, and reduces the host immune defense reactions. This study reviews the structure and biological properties of heparin, the market application status of heparin-coated medical products, the insufficiency and improvement of heparin coating, which can provide a reference for the application research of blood contact medical devices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heparin/chemistry , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Thrombosis , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Surface Properties
4.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 24(3): 40-46, jul.-set.2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-763796

ABSTRACT

Os eventos tromboembólicos são complicações significativas da fibrilação atrial (FA) e podem ser prevenidos com a anticoagulação oral plena. A varfarina reduz em 64% o risco de tromboembolismo, no entanto, a dificuldade no seu manejo clínico motivou a busca por novos anticoagulantes orais (NOACs). Os NOACs inibem especificamente um único fator na cascata da coagulação, têm meia vida curta, efeito previsível e estável, dispensam monitorização e interagem pouco com alimentos e medicamentos.Os estudos RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE e ENGAGE AFTIMI48 compararam a varfarina com a dabigratana, rivaroxabana,apixabana e edoxabana, respectivamente, e evidenciaram que os NOACS são equivalentes (dabigatrana 110 mg, rivaroxabana,edoxabana) ou superiores (dabigatrana 150 mg, apixabana) à varfarina na prevenção de tromboembolismo sistêmico ou AVC em pacientes com FA não valvar. Ademais, apresentam índices de hemorragias intracranianas substancialmente menores do quea varfarina. Já a apixabana foi superior à aspirina na prevençãode AVC, com os mesmos índices de sangramento. Os NOACs não devem ser usados em gestantes, crianças, e em pacientes com estenose mitral significativa, próteses valvares ou função renal muito deprimida. Porém, podem ser usados nos cenários de cardioversão e ablação da FA. Ainda não há estudos comparativos entre os diversos NOACs, nem consenso de quando recomendara troca da varfarina em pacientes com RNI estável. Cerca de 50%dos pacientes com FA e indicação de anticoagulação não recebem terapia anticoagulante. Portanto, com advento dos NOACs, a expectativa é reduzir essa parcela, diminuindo a incidência de fenômenos tromboembólicos na FA.


Thromboembolic events are important complications of atrialfibrillation (AF) and can be prevented by oral anticoagulation.Warfarin reduces by 64% the risk of thromboembolism,however, the difficulties in its clinical management promptedthe search for novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs). The NOACsspecifically inhibit a single factor in the coagulation cascade,have a short half-life, predictable and stable effect, do not requiremonitoring and have minor interactions with food and drugs.The RE-LY, ROCKET-AF, ARISTOTLE and ENGAGE AFTIMI48 trials compared warfarin to dabigatran, rivaroxaban,apixaban and edoxaban, respectively, and showed that NOACSare equivalent (110 mg dabigatran, rivaroxaban, edoxaban) orsuperior (dabigatran 150 mg, apixaban) to warfarin in preventingstroke or systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular AF.Furthermore, they are associated with substantially lower levelsof intracranial bleeding than warfarin. Apixaban was superiorto aspirin in preventing strokes, with the same rate of bleeding.The NOACs should not be used in pregnant women, children,and patients with significant mitral stenosis, prosthetic valvesor impaired renal function. However, these novel drugs can beused in the scenarios of cardioversion and AF ablation. Thereare no studies comparing individual NOACs or consensus aboutswitching patients on warfarin with stable INR. Approximately50% of patients with AF and recommendation for anticoagulationdo not receive anticoagulant therapy. Therefore, with the adventof NOACs, the expectation is to improve this figure, ultimatelydecreasing the incidence of thromboembolic events in AF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/epidemiology , Warfarin/adverse effects , Cost-Benefit Analysis/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction/complications , Cardiac Electrophysiology/methods , Clinical Trials as Topic , Heart Failure/complications
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 57(3): 328-332, May-June 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-591362

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Investigar a origem das preparações de heparina, na forma farmacêutica injetável, disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, discutindo o impacto do perfil dos produtos comercializados e das alterações na monografia da heparina na segurança do fármaco. MÉTODOS: Pesquisou-se o banco de dados de Produtos Registrados das Empresas de Medicamentos da Anvisa e o Dicionário de Especialidades Farmacêuticas (DEF 2008/2009). Foi realizado inquérito com as indústrias com autorização ativa para o comércio do fármaco no Brasil. RESULTADOS: Cinco indústrias possuem autorização para o comércio de heparina não fracionada no Brasil. Três são de origem suína e duas de origem bovina, sendo que apenas uma possui essa informação explicitada na bula. A efetividade e a segurança da heparina, estudadas em populações estrangeiras, podem não representar a nossa realidade, já que a maioria dos países não produz a heparina bovina. A heparina atualmente comercializada tem, ainda, aproximadamente 10 por cento menos atividade anticoagulante que a anteriormente produzida, e essa alteração pode ter implicações clínicas. CONCLUSÃO: Evidências acerca da ausência de intercambialidade de doses entre as heparinas de origem bovina e suína e o diferenciado perfil de segurança entre esses fármacos indicam necessidade de acompanhamento do tratamento e da resposta dos pacientes. Eventos que ameacem a segurança do paciente devem ser comunicados ao sistema da farmacovigilância do país.


OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological origin of injectable unfractioned heparin available in Brazilian market by discussing the impact of the profile of commercial products and the changes in heparin monograph on the drug safety. METHODS: The Anvisa data base for the Registered Products of Pharmaceutical Companies and the Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Specialties (DEF 2008/2009) were searched. A survey with industries having an active permission for marketing the drug in Brazil was conducted. RESULTS: Five companies were granted a permission to market unfractioned heparin in Brazil. Three of them are porcine in origin and two of them are bovine in origin, with only one explicitly showing this information in the package insert. The effectiveness and safety of heparin studied in non-Brazilian populations may not represent the Brazilian reality, since most countries no longer produce bovine heparin. The currently marketed heparin has approximately 10 percent less anticoagulant activity than that previously produced and this change may have clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence about the lack of dose interchangeability between bovine and porcine heparins and the unique safety profile of these drugs indicates the need to follow the treatment and the patients' response. Events threatening the patient's safety must be reported to the pharmacovigilance system in each particular country.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Heparin/chemistry , Pharmacovigilance , Brazil , Drug Contamination , Patents as Topic , Swine
7.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 23(2): 169-174, abr.-jun. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-492968

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: A mudança na marca da heparina rotineiramente utilizada nas cirurgias cardíacas no Brasil tem sido acompanhada por aumento do número de casos de discrasia sanguínea, aumento de reoperações e efeitos adversos em nossa Instituição e em outras. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas no Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo do HUCFF/UFRJ, quatro preparações disponíveis e comparadas à heparina retirada do mercado (Liquemine) e ao padrão de controle internacional. As preparações de heparina foram submetidas à ressonância nuclear magnética para avaliação da integridade estrutural, bem como avaliação de sua eficácia anticoagulante. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa quanto à atividade anticoagulante entre as amostras. Também se observou a presença de contaminação com dermatam sulfato, amostras degradadas quimicamente e com significativa alteração do peso molecular. CONCLUSÃO: Das amostras estudadas, nenhuma atendeu aos requisitos de segurança para utilização em cirurgias cardíacas com circulação extracorpórea. Nenhuma delas apresentou a qualidade semelhante ao Liquemine, não mais disponível no mercado brasileiro.


INTRODUCTION: The change in the heparin solution trade mark in Brazil that had been commonly used in cardiac surgery has shown increased number in the coagulopathy, re-exploration and other side effects in our Institution and others. METHODS: All four different heparin solutions available in the Brazilian market were studied in the Connective Tissue Lab, HUCFF, UFRJ and compared to the Liquemine (out of the market) and the international control solution. All samples were evaluated by magnetic nuclear resonance as well as their anticoagulant effectiveness. RESULTS: There were significant differences among them regarding the anticoagulant activity. It was also observed contamination with other dermatan sulfate, samples chemically degraded and with significant change in the molecular weight. CONCLUSION: Among the studied samples, none of them can offer security in cardiac surgeries on pump. None of them has demonstrated similar quality to Liquemine, which is not available in the Brazilian market.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/standards , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures , Drug Industry/standards , Heparin/standards , Anticoagulants/blood , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Brazil , Chromatography, Gel , Drug Contamination , Dermatan Sulfate/blood , Heparin/blood , Heparin/chemistry , Hexuronic Acids/blood , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Weight , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Quality Control , Reference Standards
8.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 38(4): 523-533, Apr. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-398174

ABSTRACT

The brown algae Padina gymnospora contain different fucans. Powdered algae were submitted to proteolysis with the proteolytic enzyme maxataze. The first extract of the algae was constituted of polysaccharides contaminated with lipids, phenols, etc. Fractionation of the fucans with increasing concentrations of acetone produced fractions with different proportions of fucose, xylose, uronic acid, galactose, and sulfate. One of the fractions, precipitated with 50 percent acetone (v/v), contained an 18-kDa heterofucan (PF1), which was further purified by gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75 using 0.2 M acetic acid as eluent and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis in 0.05 M 1,3 diaminopropane/acetate buffer at pH 9.0, methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Structural analysis indicates that this fucan has a central core consisting mainly of 3-ß-D-glucuronic acid 1-> or 4-ß-D-glucuronic acid 1 ->, substituted at C-2 with alpha-L-fucose or ß-D-xylose. Sulfate groups were only detected at C-3 of 4-alpha-L-fucose 1-> units. The anticoagulant activity of the PF1 (only 2.5-fold lesser than low molecular weight heparin) estimated by activated partial thromboplastin time was completely abolished upon desulfation by solvolysis in dimethyl sulfoxide, indicating that 3-O-sulfation at C-3 of 4-alpha-L-fucose 1-> units is responsible for the anticoagulant activity of the polymer.


Subject(s)
Humans , Phaeophyta/chemistry , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Seaweed/chemistry , Anticoagulants/isolation & purification , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Blood Coagulation/drug effects , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Partial Thromboplastin Time , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Thrombin Time
9.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 16(2): 160-170, abr.-jun. 2001. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-289392

ABSTRACT

Introduçäo: As síndromes hemorrágicas no intra e pós-operatório de operaçöes com circulaçäo extracorpórea (CEC) constituem motivo de preocupaçäo e, parte delas, pode ser atribuída à heparina näo fracionada (HNF), droga indispensável e, até hoje, insubstituível nesse tipo de procedimento. Alguns autores consideram a açäo anticoagulante da HNF como o principal responsável pelo sangramento e investem em drogas antifibrinolíticas ou que alteram a atividade plaquetária para tentar substituí-la. Toda HNF contém fraçöes de heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM), näo neutralizáveis pela protamina, que, em doses elevadas, e/ou em pacientes heparino-sensíveis, podem causar vasoplegia e aumento no sangramento pós-operatório em operaçöes com CEC. Material e Métodos: Isolamos uma heparina de alto peso molecular (HAPM - peso modal de 25.000 Daltons), com 11 por cento de fraçöes de HBPM (< 7.000 Daltons), para experiências "in vitro" e "in vivo", e comparamos com HNF (peso modal de 15.000 Daltons), com 21 por cento de fraçöes de HBPM. Resultados: A atividade específica anticoagulante, por massa, foi superior quando comparada com a HNF tanto "in vitro", 273 ui/mg contra 181 ui/mg e TTPA mais elevado nas várias diluiçöes, como "in vivo", em cäes, durante CEC, comprovado pelo TCA, TTPA e heparinemia. A vida média da HNF foi de 60 minutos e acima de 90 minutos para a HAPM, na situaçäo de experimentaçäo. Conclusäo: Acreditamos que esta experiência, inédita na literatura indexada, nos habilite ao uso da HAPM, em seres humanos, para averiguaçäo da sua melhor neutralizaçäo pela protamina e menor incidência de hemorragia


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Extracorporeal Circulation , Heparin/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Heparin/chemistry , Molecular Weight , Time Factors
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(6): 699-709, Jun. 2001. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-285842

ABSTRACT

The anticlotting and antithrombotic activities of heparin, heparan sulfate, low molecular weight heparins, heparin and heparin-like compounds from various sources used in clinical practice or under development are briefly reviewed. Heparin isolated from shrimp mimics the pharmacological activities of low molecular weight heparins. A heparan sulfate from Artemia franciscana and a dermatan sulfate from tuna fish show a potent heparin cofactor II activity. A heparan sulfate derived from bovine pancreas has a potent antithrombotic activity in an arterial and venous thrombosis model with a negligible activity upon the serine proteases of the coagulation cascade. It is suggested that the antithrombotic activity of heparin and other antithrombotic agents is due at least in part to their action on endothelial cells stimulating the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Cattle , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/cytology , Fibrinolytic Agents/pharmacology , Heparin/pharmacology , Heparitin Sulfate/pharmacology , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Anticoagulants/metabolism , Crustacea , Fibrinolytic Agents/chemistry , Fibrinolytic Agents/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism , Glycosaminoglycans/pharmacology , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/chemistry , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/metabolism , Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology , Heparin/metabolism , Heparitin Sulfate/biosynthesis , Tuna
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 34(5): 621-626, May 2001. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-285875

ABSTRACT

Fucans, a family of sulfated polysaccharides present in brown seaweed, have several biological activities. Their use as drugs would offer the advantage of no potential risk of contamination with viruses or particles such as prions. A fucan prepared from Spatoglossum schröederi was tested as a possible inhibitor of cell-matrix interactions using wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) and the mutant type deficient in xylosyltransferase (CHO-745). The effect of this polymer on adhesion properties with specific extracellular matrix components was studied using several matrix proteins as substrates for cell attachment. Treatment with the polymer inhibited the adhesion of fibronectin to both CHO-K1 (2 x 10(5))()and CHO-745 (2 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(5)) cells. No effect was detected with laminin, using the two cell types. On the other hand, adhesion to vitronectin was inhibited in CHO-K1 cells and adhesion to type I collagen was inhibited in CHO-745 cells. In spite of this inhibition, the fucan did not affect either cell proliferation or cell cycle. These results demonstrate that this polymer is a new anti-adhesive compound with potential pharmacological applications


Subject(s)
Animals , Cricetinae , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Cell Adhesion/drug effects , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Seaweed/chemistry , Anticoagulants/pharmacology , Cell Cycle , Cell Division/drug effects , CHO Cells , Extracellular Matrix Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Thymidine/metabolism
12.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2001 Apr; 39(4): 365-70
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-59752

ABSTRACT

Cold water extracts of marine green algae Codium dwarkense and C. tomentosum were precipitated with different molar concentrations of KCl and were subjected to anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Both the species yielded sulphated arabinan through bioassay-guided purification and both were chemically identified as a polymer of alpha-L-arabinofuranose. Products were assayed for their blood anticoagulant activity using PT, APFT and TT tests and found that they differed in the potency of activity though they are chemically identical. Bioassay-guided purification of cold water extract of C. tomentosum yielded sulphated arabinan and sulphated arabinogalactan.


Subject(s)
Chlorophyta/chemistry , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Infrared
14.
Saúde (Santa Maria) ; 16(1/2): 107-117, jan.-jun. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-120705

ABSTRACT

Foram realizadas 1.000 determinaçöes a Velocidade de Hemossedimentaçäo (VHS), usando sangue venoso com o anticoagulante EDTA Na2, provenientes de pessoas consideradas normais. Estas amostras foram divididas em 4 Grupos, segundo a idade e o sexo: para o Grupo 1, constituído de 250 amostras de mulheres com idade igual ou inferior a 50 anos, o valor máximo obtido para a VHS foi de 40 mm (1ª hora) e para o Grupo 2, com 250 mulheres com idade superior a 50 anos, o valor limite máximo foi de 58 mm (1ª hora); para o Grupo 3, formado por 250 homens com idade superior a 50 anos, o valor encontrado foi de até 45 mm (1ª hora) e, finalmente para o Grupo 4, constituído por 250 amostras do sexo masculino com idade igual ou inferior a 50 anos, o valor obtido foi de 22 mm (1ª hora). Em relaçäo aos valores médios cncontrados para a VHS, nos 4 Grupos estes foram 15,94; 22,87; 14,38 e 7,63 mm na 1ª hora, respectivamente para os Grupos 1, 2, 3 e 4


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Edetic Acid/chemistry , Blood Coagulation , Blood Sedimentation , Reference Values , Sex Factors , Citrates/blood , Edetic Acid/blood , Age Factors
15.
Saúde (Santa Maria) ; 13(1/2): 123-30, jan.-dez. 1987. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-120627

ABSTRACT

Os autores confrontaram os resultados obtidos para a velocidade de sedimentaçäo das hemácias, em 100 amostras de sangue venoso citratado, utilizando diferentes concentraçöes de citrato trissódico segundo o número de moléculas de água presentes na sua estrutura química. Os valores auferidos näo diferiram significativamente quando comaprados os resultados com os sais mono e di-hidratados a 3,8% 4 e nas concentraçöes de 3,13% e de 3,28%, respectivamente para o sal com uma e com duas moléculas de água de cristalizaçäo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Citrates/chemistry , Anticoagulants/chemistry , Blood Coagulation , Blood Sedimentation , Citrates/blood
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